Watering is so important during the heat of summer. If you planted trees or shrubs this spring, particularly evergreens, these plants require extra moisture to establish a strong root system. We have had an abundant amount of rain this spring and into the summer, however it is important to keep an eye on the weather.
Here in New England, plants require at least an inch of water per week. If you are using a regular hose, you lose 40 percent of moisture to evaporation. However, a hose is necessary for thorough watering when a plant goes into the ground and daily watering for containers.
Soaker hoses in your borders are the best method of watering, attached to a house spigot with a timer. By using this method of irrigation, moisture goes to the roots of plants where it is needed and not on the foliage, which can cause diseases such as black spot and powdery mildew. Soaker hoses attached to a timer can be used efficiently not only in the borders of the garden but also in the vegetable garden, where annual vegetables require a lot of water to produce a good crop.
In addition, composted manure, when added to the containers together with copious amounts to the vegetable garden, helps to retain a good amount of moisture. Manure, used as mulch for the vegetable garden, adds more nutrition and manure used as mulch does not cap or form a hard crust, so water goes directly to the roots where it is needed.
LAWNS
Water the lawn only when the green glow begins to fade. An established lawn will bounce back following dry hot spells.
I want to emphasize the importance of soil and soil health, which has been severely neglected and abused with poisonous chemicals for years. Soil is the most important element of plant growth; it is not an inert medium that merely holds the plants erect, it is a living organism that needs to be replenished with nutrients.
The nutrient is composted manure, manure builds soil structure and together with its bacteria joins the millions of microbes below the surface to produce nutrients for the roots of the plants. If you have not already done so, I strongly suggest that you carefully discard all chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides.
The addition of composted manure to your soil in spring, early summer and in early fall, together with natural brown bark mulch, builds the carbon compound or humus component in the soil. We are all carbon-based creatures, as is every living element; carbon is our lifeblood and the lifeblood of the soil in our gardens.
As we build the humus component by adding composted manure and fine-bark mulch, we are producing the healthiest possible growing environment and the strongest disease-resistant plants. As we add the composted manure and natural fine bark mulch season after season, the humus component continues to build in the soil, continuously extracting carbon from the atmosphere into the soil.
ROSES
These stunning bushes flourish beautifully with the addition of composted manure and mulch, which should be applied on the soil about two feet away from the base of the plant. Roses also require deep watering once a week. Now, in July add another light layer of composted manure around the roses. Manure is food for the roots of the roses and no other products are necessary for growth and bloom. Stop adding manure to the roses in mid-August, so that they can gradually move into a slow dormancy through late summer and early fall, which is a natural part of their growth cycle.
If you are a first time rose-grower or adding to your rose collection, David Austin English roses are my personal preference. The David Austin nursery is only 21 miles from my hometown in Shropshire in England. Visiting the rose nursery in June was a fragrant and exhilarating pleasure that overwhelmed my senses.
David Austin roses are more trouble-free than many other roses and with the fact that they are repeat bloomers, with beautiful colors and fragrances extends our enjoyment of this lovely shrub throughout the summer months.
Some of my favorite David Austin roses are:
- A Shropshire Lad, a peachy pink
- Abraham Darby, soft shades of apricot and yellow
- Evelyn (my favorite) produces giant apricot hued flowers
- Fair Bianca, a pure white
- Heritage, a soft blush pink
- Carding Mill Valley begins as a peachy orange double flower, changing to an apricot-pink
A lovely combination is climbing roses and clematis planted together; both enjoy the same planting environment with their heads in the sun and their feet (roots) cool, with the added nutrition of manure and mulch. This combination looks great, climbing over a fence, wall or arbor. The combination I enjoyed on a trellis on the chimney breast on the west side of my farmhouse was a purple clematis and a pink climbing rose
MULCH
Please do not use artificially-colored red mulch, rubber mulch or cocoa mulch; use only natural brown bark mulch. Do not mulch right up to the base of the plants, as this invites rodents to nest and gnaw on the stems or trunks of the plants.
Note regarding why you should NOT use Cocoa mulch: Cocoa mulch, produced by Hershey, has a Thorazine compound and other poisons, which are hazardous to pets who are attracted by the chocolate odor. Ingestion of this chocolate mulch can cause seizures and death within hours.
HYDRANGEAS
Plant Hydrangeas in a sunny area if you live near the coast, which allows them to enjoy gentle seas breezes. Away from the coast, plant Hydrangeas in part-sun on the west or east aspect of the garden. Plant them in organically-rich soil with composted manure and add extra composted manure this month around the base.
If you have the blue macrophylla Hydrangea, add some peat or aged oak bark around the base—the acidity in the peat or oak bark encourages a deeper blue color. Hydrangeas are a wetland plant and require plenty of water throughout the summer. We had a late spring and with all the spring and early summer rain and good sunshine, the foliage and bloom of the hydrangeas are performing well.
Watch out for powdery mildew and spray with the following powdery mildew recipe you can mix yourself:
Recipe for powdery mildew –Two tablespoons baking soda, one dessert spoon of vegetable oil, a squirt of dish soap with a gallon of water in a sprayer. For any recipe spray you make at home, spray only in the morning when there is no wind and when the temperature and humidity added together do not go above 180.
PRUNING HYDRANGEAS
Prune Hydrangeas immediately after they finish blooming in late August or early September but no later, as Hydrangeas set their buds for the next season by mid-September. If you prune after September, you will lose next season’s bloom. When you prune, cut out some of the old wood and the weakest of the new shoots. In October, put more composted manure and brown mulch around the base to nourish and protect the roots through the winter.
GARLIC
(The following recipes are from a garden book I am writing):
Did you know that garlic is the antibiotic of the garden. I love using garlic in my recipes. Garlic is an important anti-fungal element to protect your plants and I suggest plant more garlic in early fall.
To avoid fungal diseases plant garlic around strawberries, tomatoes and raspberries to avoid fungal diseases.
Plant garlic around mildew-prone plants to prevent mildew on such plants as summer phlox and bee balm.
Plant garlic under fruit trees to avoid scab and root disease.
Plant garlic next to ponds or standing water to control mosquito larvae or pour garlic water into the water to deter adult mosquitoes.
Where you notice marauders have been munching, like insects or animals make a garlic spray to apply on the plants including vegetables.
GARLIC SPRAY RECIPE
4 large, crushed garlic cloves, unpeeled
2 teaspoons of vegetable oil
1 squirt of mild dish detergent
Put all ingredients in 2 cups of hot water in the blender, blend, then leave overnight, then put in a gallon sprayer with cold water and spray in the early morning when there is no wind, observing the rule of 180. Observing the rule of 180 is when the temperature and humidity when added together do not go above 180.
HOT PEPPER SPRAY
To deter squirrels and chipmunks, try a hot pepper spray using either 4 hot chilies or one cup of cayenne pepper in 2 cups of hot water, in the blender, blend and leave overnight then put in a gallon sprayer with cold water and spray the problem areas in the early morning.
This pepper spray works well to deter squirrels, chipmunks, deer as well as dogs and cats that may be leaving their deposits in the garden.
HANDS
Gardener’s hands are their tools of the trade so it’s important to take care of them. My hands remain healthy by indulging in a hot cream treatment once a week before bed.
HAND CREAM RECIPE
Combine Calendula cream with honey and essential oil of lavender heated in the microwave, apply generously and put on white cotton gloves for sleep. When I wake up my hands are soft and smooth as a baby’s bottom. Wear gloves, when working in soil that contains manure or when spreading manure. Manure is an organic product that contains bacteria; bacteria is great for the soil but like many bacteria not healthy for you. The garden gloves I prefer are the soft leather farmer’s gloves that are washable.
FLAVORED OILS
Many herbs are at their peak right now and are ideal for using in flavored oils. The oil I use as a base is organic olive oil. I harvest basil, parsley, sage, tarragon and oregano in the morning, rinse them well, pat them dry with a paper towel and then make the recipe. Then choose an herb you are using that day, and add to two cups of organic oil.
For thyme and lavender, I use only the flowers with one cup of oil to a handful of blossoms.
Puree the herb mixture in a blender and store covered in a wide mouthed jar for three days, shake at least three times a day for the first two days and on the third day let the mixture settle to the bottom, then strain it through a paper coffee filter or cheese cloth into a clean jar. You will now have a tinted but clear mixture.
Refrigerate each mixture and use within two to three weeks. The herb oils I choose to make are rosemary, lavender, lemon, garlic, shallots and basil with olive oil as the base – these are my favorites and are great brushed on vegetables and meats for grilling. The Lavender oil is great with desserts. Rosemary and lemon oil taste excellent on salads.
MOLES
I know I have given you a few mole remedies in the past; but I have not given you the Exlax method for a while. I can attest to the fact that I have used this method as have many of my fellow gardeners for years, as it works so well. Buy Exlax, the main ingredient of Exlax is Senna, a natural herb. Insert Exlax into the mole holes, the moles and voles eat it, then die of dehydration.
If you have dogs and cats, do not use the chocolate Exlax but rather only the plain Exlax as chocolate is dangerous to pets.
In early April of next year, apply organic grub control, which means less grubs for the moles to feed on, and without their supply of grubs, the moles will go elsewhere for food. In addition, the white grubs of Japanese beetles are largely diminished with the grub control.
Japanese beetles love our plants and here is a method to deal with them naturally. In the early morning, the Japanese beetles are drowsy and can be captured. Lay a drop cloth under the plant or plants where you see them and gently shake the plant; the drowsy beetles will drop onto the cloth, which should be gathered up and then drop them in a garbage bag and discard.
Many of us are committed to organic gardening without chemicals, which has enabled the earthworm population to once again increase; earthworms are a great boon to the garden soil as their castings add 50 percent nutrition to the soil together with eleven trace minerals.
SUMMER PHLOX
I just love my summer phlox and to keep the mildew problems at bay I use the natural baking soda mix I mentioned above.
I have found that white Phlox Miss Lingard or white Phlox David are more resistant to mildew than other summer phlox.
Monarda, commonly known, as Bee Balm and Hydrangeas are also prone to the problem of powdery mildew, and this is where the baking soda recipe once again can be used to excellent effect.
For a second bloom on the Summer Phlox, prune off ten to twenty inches of the flower stems after the first bloom has gone by and within a few weeks you will experience a new bloom.
KEEP YOUR GARDEN CLEAN
A healthy garden is a clean garden. Do not put any diseased items into your compost.
Deadhead all annuals and perennials for a second bloom and clean up all spend blossoms.
When Coreopsis and Spirea have bloomed, use garden shears to shear off dead flowers and they too will rebloom.
CONTAINERS
Make sure you have composted manure and fine bark mulch applied on top of the soil in your containers and water them daily. In hot weather the containers will need to be watered twice daily, morning and evening watering is the best. If you do not have time in the morning before you leave for work or errands, empty your ice cube trays on the containers; this provides slow -release watering until you can get to them later.
Enjoy being in the garden, stay hydrated, continue to stretch and take time to ‘smell the Roses’.
If you have any gardening questions, please email me at [email protected] and I’ll see you in your garden later in August. If you would like a garden consult, let me give my son Ian a plug—he has a brilliant gardening mind. Contact him at LandscapesbyIan.com.
About the author: Maureen Haseley-Jones is a member of a family of renowned horticultural artisans, whose landscaping heritage dates back to the 17th century. She is one of the founders, together with her son Ian, of, The English Lady Landscape and Home Company. Maureen and Ian are landscape designers and garden experts, who believe that everyone deserves to live in an eco-conscious environment and enjoy the pleasure that it brings.
Maureen learned her design skills from both her mother and grandmother, and honed her horticultural and construction skills while working in the family nursery and landscape business in the U.K. Her formal horticultural training was undertaken at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in Surrey.